The Impact of Technical Non-Tariff Measures on Pakistan's Export Performance

Abstract

Technical non-tariff barriers, such as sanitary and phytosanitary regulations and technical trade barriers (TBTs), must be scrupulously adhered to by WTO members (SPSs). The protection of food, people, animals, plants, and the environment is the goal of these NTBs. The only way for nations to compete on the global market is by adhering to WTO standards for products and quality. International commerce has been both helped and hampered by non-tariff obstacles. Any country's exports depend on the successful implementation of both microeconomic and macroeconomic policies because of the interaction between product supply and demand. In a developing global and local economy, this article analyses economic methods that promote commerce and rethink routes to riches. The United States, China, and the United Arab Emirates top Pakistan's export partners all enacted and upheld TBT and SPS standards between 2003 and 2016. This study looked at the effects of these policies at the HS-2 product code level. TBT and SPS measurements are computed using, respectively, a ratio of coverage and an index of frequency. This Research is based on Secondary data, data has been taken from different sources like research articles, Websites like World Bank, SBP, UNCTD etc. Through Secondary qualitative analysis, all data and their results have been analysed deeply and provide conclusions. The study findings showed Pakistan's export performance, which has been boosted by the importer's TBT on Pakistani goods, has been badly hurt by SPS. The paper also looks at how these NTBs affect the business and agricultural sectors separately. TBT and SPS use the frequency index and the export coverage ratio to measure rising agricultural and industrial exports. The data set contains information from WDI, WTO, and UN Comtrade.