A Survey on the Theories of Intelligence: Implications for Gifted Identification and Education in the Philippines

Abstract

This paper critically examines the evolving conceptualization of intelligence, tracing its roots from ancient philosophical discussions to modern psychometric and process-oriented theories. It delves into foundational models like Spearman's g, Cattell and Horn's Gf-Gc model, Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities, and their synthesis in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory. Additionally, it explores alternative perspectives such as Guilford's Structure of Intellect, the PASS theory, Gardner's Multiple Intelligences, and Sternberg's Triarchic Theory. The discussion highlights the strengths and critiques of each framework, emphasizing that intelligence is a multifaceted construct, not a singular entity. Crucially, the paper evaluates the educational implications of these theories for gifted identification and education, particularly within the Philippine context. It argues for moving beyond traditional, often inequitable, identification methods towards comprehensive, multi-indicator approaches and advocates for differentiated, tailored educational strategies that foster diverse talents. The aim is to inform more equitable and effective practices in nurturing gifted individuals.