Review of Drug Abuse in Nigeria: A Socioeconomic Burden and Public Health Threat

Abstract

Drug abuse represents a critical public health emergency and developmental challenge in Nigeria, with escalating prevalence rates and profound socioeconomic consequences. Recent epidemiological studies suggest Nigeria may be confronting one of Africa's most severe substance abuse crises, though a comprehensive analysis of its multidimensional impact remains inadequately documented in scholarly literature. This systematic review employed secondary data analysis methodology, synthesizing evidence from 45 peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and international databases published between 2015 and 2024. The syndemic nature of drug abuse in Nigeria appears deeply embedded within structural determinants, including poverty (42% prevalence), youth unemployment (53% among graduates), and inadequate mental health infrastructure (fewer than 150 psychiatrists nationwide). These findings suggest that effective interventions must integrate public health approaches with socioeconomic development strategies, addressing underlying determinants rather than merely treating manifestations. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs and economic impact assessments to better inform policy responses. Drug abuse in Nigeria constitutes a complex developmental challenge requiring multisectoral approaches that bridge public health, economic policy, and social welfare domains. Strategic responses should prioritize evidence-based prevention, treatment infrastructure expansion, and addressing structural determinants through poverty reduction and youth empowerment initiatives.