The Liberal Democratic Model (United States of America), the Conservative Fascist Model (Germany), and the Socialist Model (Soviet Union), and How to Deal with the Concept of Sovereignty?

Abstract

This study examines how different political systems address the concept of legitimacy and sovereignty, focusing on three major models: the liberal democratic system (United States), the conservative fascist system (Germany), and the socialist system (Soviet Union). Legitimacy is considered a fundamental requirement for governance, as it determines the acceptance and justification of political authority. Using a qualitative and comparative approach, the research analyzes the historical, political, and ideological foundations of each system. The findings reveal that the liberal model enhances legitimacy through democratic participation, protection of individual rights, and institutional constraints on power. In contrast, the conservative fascist model limits legitimacy within a nationalist framework, emphasizing authority and state control. Meanwhile, the socialist model, as represented by the Soviet Union, demonstrates a decline in legitimacy due to centralized control, restricted individual freedoms, and lack of political participation. The study concludes that each system constructs legitimacy based on its underlying economic, political, and social assumptions, resulting in varying degrees of public acceptance and effectiveness in governance.